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Glossary 321
Karatālas — small hand cymbals played primarily in
kīrtana.
Kali-yuga — the present age of degradation and quarrel,
which began approximately 5,000 years ago.
Karma-kāṇḍīya — relating to karma-kāṇḍa, the Vedic
religious system meant for material elevation.
Kārtika — the lunar month from mid-October to mid-
November, sacred to Vaiṣṇavas, during which they
engage in increased austerities and spiritual practices.
Kīrtana — chanting of Kṛṣṇa’s glories; usually refers
to the chanting of Kṛṣṇa’s names with musical
accompaniment.
Kṛṣṇa — the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Kṛṣṇa consciousness — absorption in devotional thoughts
of or activities for the satisfaction of Kṛṣṇa.
Kṣatriya — member of the second of the four Vedic social
divisions; an administrator and warrior.
Kumkum — red powder used mainly for making
auspicious marks on the head by pious persons.
Lakṣmī — the eternal consort of Lord Nārāyaṇa.
Līlā — transcendental activities of the Lord and His
devotees.
Lota — rimmed cup or mug without a handle.
Mādhva sampradāya — A Vaiṣṇava sect prominent in
parts of South India.