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xiv                                         Introduction

       wrong in his quest for technological development, what
       traditional societies had possessed but we now lack, and
       what the actual criteria of civilization should be.

       A principal goal of an enlightened culture is to elevate
       its members to their ultimate capacity. A truly advanced
       society strives not simply for the ephemeral requirements
       of eating, sleeping, mating, and defending, for even animals
       do that. Real human civilization begins with philosophical
       inquiry into the nature of God, the universe, and the
       ontological position of living beings. Therefore spiritually
       oriented civilizations throughout the world’s history had
       practiced a realistic approach to life that catered to all
       aspects of the individual — physical, mental, intellectual,
       and spiritual — while stressing his responsibility to society
       at large. And as man has to live with and by nature’s mercy,
       traditional land-based cultures stressed respect for all life
       and cooperation with her. The people of such cultures
       sought to extract from the earth only as much as needed,
       and to give back proportionately.

       In traditional societies man fulfilled his needs in a simple
       and  eco-friendly  way.  Material  requirements  were
       met without undue struggle. There were no industrial
       complexes producing endless varieties of unnecessary
       accessories to an artificial way of life; nor were there huge
       shopping plazas for touting unwanted goods; nor was
       there an advertising industry goading the masses to buy
       such things. The economic system was based on need,
       not greed. Trade was limited and mostly by barter — ”I
       give you something you need, you give me something
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